Eastern Front
Operation Wintersturm (‘Winter Storm’): 13 German divisions, under Manstein and Hoth, attempt to punch a corridor from Kotelnikovo to Stalingrad, through which 6th Army can withdraw. River Aksay is reached and crossed, but the attack grinds to a halt at river Myshkova (December 18).
Sea War
Mediterranean: 4 ships disabled by Italian ‘human torpedoes’ and frogmen at Algiers.