Western Front

Flanders: Intelligence officers of XV Corps, French Tenth Army, learn from PoWs that extensive German preparations near Zillebeke east of Ypres to employ ‘asphyxiating gases’ (i.e. chlorine cylinders).
Cham­pagne: Reims Cathedral under bombardment.
Vosges: German counter-attack ion Fecht valley reaches Herren­berg.

Southern Fronts

Serbia: Austrian river steamer Belgrad tries to break Allied Danube blockade (night 30/31), hits Russian mine and is sunk by Serb 75 mm field guns.

Eastern Front

Austrian GHQ morale ‘below zero. The Chief (Conrad) never stops grumbling’.

African Fronts

Southwest Africa: McKenzie’s South African Central Force (11,000 men) occupies Aus 80 miles (ca. 129 km) inland from Lüderitz.

Home Fronts

Britain: King offers total alcohol abstinence in Royal Household for duration of war.

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