Middle East
Mesopotamia – Townshend begins retreat after air reconnaissance reports Turks returning.
Gallipoli: Monro becomes C-in-C MEF, Birdwood GOC Dardanelles Army.
Western Front
Grenade fighting during night on some sectors in Artois and Lorraine.
Southern Fronts
Serbia: Putnik issues last order on home soil ‘Convince your troops that this retreat is a national necessity … our salvation will come when our allies carry all before them in the final victory’.
Sea War
Aegean: 6 Allied battleships, 2 cruisers, c.30 light craft anchor at Melos Island as act of gunboat diplomacy against Greece (the 3 British battleships sail for Dardanelles on December 12).
Secret War
Switzerland: Tentative German-Belgian talks in Zürich.
Home Fronts
France: First Victory Loan, yields Fr 13.3bn (£580m) since November 16.
Britain: Rent RestricÂtian Act pegs rents at preÂwar levels for duration of war plus 6 months. Munitions Ministry takes control of all military research.