Italian Macchi C.202 Folgore fighter plane of World War II.
History, development, service, specifications, pictures and 3D model.
Macchi C.200 Saetta and C.202 Folgore
Table of Contents
The Macchi C.200 Saetta and C.202 Folgore were Italian fighter aircraft used during World War II. Both were designed by Mario Castoldi and manufactured by Macchi Aeronautica.
Overview
Macchi C.200 Saetta (Arrow):
– Introduced in 1939
– Single-seat, all-metal monoplane fighter
– Powered by a Fiat A.74 radial engine
– Armed with two 12.7 mm Breda-SAFAT machine guns
– Maximum speed: about 504 km/h (313 mph)
– Known for excellent maneuverability and durability
– Used in various theaters including North Africa, the Balkans, and the Eastern Front
– Main drawbacks were its relatively low speed and weak armament
Macchi C.202 Folgore (Thunderbolt):
– Introduced in 1941 as an improved version of the C.200
– Retained the airframe of the C.200 but with a more streamlined fuselage
– Powered by a license-built Daimler-Benz DB 601 inline engine
– Armed with two 12.7 mm Breda-SAFAT machine guns (some later versions had additional wing-mounted guns)
– Maximum speed: about 600 km/h (370 mph)
– Significantly better performance than the C.200, comparable to contemporary Allied fighters
– Used in North Africa, the Mediterranean, and on the Eastern Front
– Main drawbacks were its weak armament and lack of radio equipment in early models
The C.202 Folgore was considered one of the best fighters in service with the Regia Aeronautica (Italian Royal Air Force) during World War II. It was superior to its predecessor, the C.200, in almost every aspect except maneuverability. Both aircraft suffered from Italy’s industrial limitations, which affected production numbers and the availability of advanced equipment.
The development of these fighters led to the Macchi C.205V Veltro, which was an further improvement on the C.202 design, featuring a more powerful engine and heavier armament.
MC202 Folgore
Macchi MC202 Folgore (Lightning).
Type: Single-seat fighter plane.
History
One of the best Italian fighters in the middle years of World War II was the Macchi C.202 Folgore (Lightning). At Macchi the C.200 Saetta was already in series production for the Italian Regia Aeronautica and the company recognized the full potential of the fighter when its under-powered Fiat A74 engine could be replaced.
Mano Castoldi developed the new Folgore from the C.200 with its radial engine, which was now equipped with a Daimler-Benz DB 601 engine. The German aircraft engine was built under license by Alfa Romeo as RA 1000 RC411.
The resistance of the conservative Italian fighter pilots against closed cockpits was ignored and from the beginning the cockpit of the new plane was completely closed.
The first flight by the test pilot Carestiato took place on August 10, 1940, and the new plane reached a top speed of 372 mph (599 km/hr), which was 60 mph (96 km/hr) faster than the C.200 production aircraft. At the same time, the outstanding climbing performance and mobility of the predecessor was maintained.
Since the new fighter was based on a series-produced predecessor, the production lines could be set up quite quickly. In addition to Macchi, the contractor for the construction was Breda. However, engine production at Alfa Romeo was slow and delayed the full-scale introduction of the Folgore to Italian fighter pilots.
The first production aircraft of the C.202 series 1 were delivered by Breda to the 1° Stormo in Udine in the summer of 1941. This unit was transferred to the front in Libya the following November.
The Folgore was a low-wing aircraft with an inboard retractable landing gear and had two 12.7Â mm Breda SAFAT machine guns above the nose.
The aircraft was changed very little during its production and was built in a total of 11 different series. These differed only in detail changes, equipment and armament.
Some last models had provisions for 100- or 150-liter dropping tanks or 50-, 100- or 150-kg bombs under the wings.
Starting with the sixth series, each wing was fitted with a 7.7 mm machine-gun in addition to the standard armament of two 12.7 mm machine-guns. Later, at least for one series, two additional 20Â mm Mauser MG 151/20 were added under the wings.
It was finally used with 45 Squadriglie of the 1°, 2°, 3°, 4°, 51°, 52°, 53° and 54° Stormo in North Africa, Sicily, Italy, over the Aegean Sea and at the Eastern Front in Russia.
A total of about 1,500 aircraft were built, of which 392 were built by Macchi and the rest by Breda.
In operation, the Folgore proved to be equivalent to the Spitfire V in terms of performance, but was considerably less armed. Although it was clearly superior to the Hawker Hurricane and the American Curtiss P-40 and Bell P-39 Airacobra, the poor armament often prevented to shoot down allied bombers.
The ultimate development of the C.200 and C.202 series of Italian fighters during the war was the C.205, also powered by a Daimler-Benz engine, of which only 66 were in service at the time of Italian surrender.
This 1,475 hp DBV605A-1 engine was first tested in April 1942 with a modified Folgore and the aircraft reached 399 mph (642 km/hr). However also in this case the production was impaired by difficulties with the license construction of the engine as Fiat RA1050 RC58 Tifone.
The C.205 Veltro (greyhound) was able to compete with most allied fighters at eye level with Mussolini’s fascist air force in Northern Italy (Repubblica Sociale Italiana) and was the best Italian fighter of the Second World War.
Users: Italy
Specifications Macchi C.202 Folgore
Specifications:
Macchi C.202 Folgore | Specification |
---|---|
Type | Single-seat fighter |
Power plant | one 1175 hp Alfa Romeo RA1000 RC41-I (license-produced German DB 601A-1) inverted-vee-12 engine |
Accommodation | 1 |
Wing span | 34 ft 8 1/2 in |
Length overall | 29 ft 0 1/2 in |
Height overall | 9 ft 11 1/2 in |
Weight empty | 5,181 lb |
Weight loaded | 6,636 lb |
Max level speed | 370 mph |
Service ceiling | 36,000 ft |
Armament:
Macchi C.202 Folgore | Specification |
---|---|
above engine | two 12.7mm Breda-SAFAT machine-guns |
additional from Serie VIII in wings | two 7,7mm Breda-SAFAT machine-guns |
additional one late Serie under wings | two 20mm Mauser MG 151/20 |
external load (all) | two bombs or fuel-tanks up to 353 lb |
Service statistics:
Macchi C.202 Folgore | figures |
---|---|
First flight (prototype) | August 10, 1940 |
Service delivery | July 1941 |
Final delivery | early 1944 |
Total production figure | 1,100 (plus 400 C.205) |
3D Model Macchi C.202 Folgore
References and literature
Luftkrieg (Piekalkiewicz)
Combat Aircraft of World War II (Bill Gunston)
Das große Buch der Luftkämpfe (Ian Parsons)
Technik und Einsatz der Kampfflugzeuge vom 1. Weltkrieg bis heute (Ian Parsons)
The Encyclopedia of Weapons of World War II (Chris Bishop)
Fighters of World War II, Part 1 (Bernard Fitzsimons)
Italian Aircraft of World War II (Nico Sgarlato)
Flugzeuge des 2. Weltkrieges (Andrew Kershaw)